The Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 significantly strengthens existing laws that were originally written more than 70 years ago. The updated legislation introduces tougher penalties, expanded police powers, and broader protections for farm animals. For dog owners, particularly those who enjoy walking in the countryside, understanding these changes is essential.

This article explains what the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 means, why it has been introduced, and how dog owners can ensure they stay on the right side of the law while keeping farm animals safe.

Why the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 Was Introduced

Livestock worrying has been a persistent issue in the UK for decades, but recent figures show that the problem is worsening. According to agricultural insurer NFU Mutual, livestock worth nearly £2 million were severely injured or killed by dogs in 2025, representing a 10% increase compared with the previous year.

For farmers, these incidents can have devastating consequences. Sheep chased by dogs may suffer serious injuries or die from stress and exhaustion. Even when animals survive, attacks can cause miscarriages in pregnant ewes or long-term health problems.

A survey conducted by the National Sheep Association found that 87% of sheep farmers reported experiencing a dog attack on their flock within the past year. This highlights how widespread livestock worrying has become.

Many of these incidents occur when dogs are off lead in fields containing livestock. In some cases, owners are unaware their pet is chasing animals until it is too late. Because of these ongoing issues, the government introduced the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 to modernise outdated legislation and give authorities stronger powers to prevent attacks.

What Counts as Livestock Worrying?

Under the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025, livestock worrying refers to a dog that:

• Attacks livestock
• Chases livestock
• Harasses animals in a way that causes distress
• Causes animals to flee or panic
• Injures or kills farm animals

Importantly, a dog does not have to physically bite livestock to be considered worrying them. Simply chasing sheep across a field can cause severe stress or injury.

Farm animals are particularly vulnerable to stress, and even brief incidents can result in serious harm. This is why the updated Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 takes a stricter approach to enforcement.

Key Changes Introduced by the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025

The Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 introduces several important changes designed to improve protection for farm animals.

Unlimited Fines for Offenders

Previously, dog owners whose pets attacked livestock could face a maximum fine of £1,000. Under the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025, that limit has been removed.

Courts can now impose unlimited fines on owners whose dogs are responsible for livestock worrying or attacks. This change reflects the serious financial and emotional impact that such incidents can have on farmers.

Police Powers to Seize Dogs

Another significant change under the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 is the introduction of stronger police powers.

Officers can now:

• Seize dogs believed to pose an ongoing threat to livestock
• Take DNA samples from dogs suspected of attacking farm animals
• Enter premises to collect evidence relating to livestock attacks

These powers aim to make it easier for authorities to investigate incidents and hold owners accountable.

Owners May Be Required to Cover Costs

Courts also have the power under the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 to order offenders to pay the costs associated with seizing and detaining a dog.

This could include:

• Kennelling fees
• Veterinary care
• Investigation costs

For owners, this could add significant financial consequences on top of fines.

Incidents Can Be Prosecuted on Roads and Public Paths

Previously, livestock worrying laws only applied when incidents occurred on private farmland. The Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 expands these rules.

Now, offences can be prosecuted even if they occur on:

• Public footpaths
• Bridleways
• Rural roads

This change closes a loophole that previously allowed some cases to go unpunished.

Expanded Definition of Livestock

Another key feature of the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 is the expanded definition of livestock.

Protected animals now include:

• Sheep
• Cattle
• Goats
• Pigs
• Poultry
• Deer
• Camelids such as alpacas and llamas

With the growing popularity of alpaca and llama farming in the UK, including these animals ensures they receive the same legal protection as traditional livestock.

Why Dog Attacks on Livestock Are So Serious

Many people assume their dog would never attack farm animals, but even well-trained pets can act on instinct when confronted with livestock.

Dogs naturally have a prey drive, and running animals can trigger chasing behaviour. Unfortunately, even playful chasing can cause devastating outcomes for farm animals.

Livestock attacks can result in:

• Severe injuries
• Broken limbs
• Stress-induced miscarriages
• Death from shock or exhaustion

For farmers, these incidents can lead to significant financial losses, as well as emotional distress when animals they care for are harmed.

The Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 aims to reduce these incidents by encouraging responsible dog ownership and strengthening enforcement.

What Dog Owners Should Do When Walking Near Livestock

To avoid breaking the law under the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025, dog owners should take simple precautions when walking in rural areas.

Keep Dogs on a Lead

The most effective way to prevent livestock worrying is to keep your dog on a lead when walking near farm animals.

Even if your dog is normally well behaved, unfamiliar surroundings can trigger unexpected reactions.

Be Aware of Livestock in Fields

Before letting your dog off the lead, check whether there are animals nearby. Sheep and cattle can sometimes be hidden behind hills or hedges.

If livestock are present, it is safest to keep your dog under close control.

Follow Countryside Signage

Farmers often place signs warning walkers about livestock in fields. These signs should always be taken seriously.

They are there to protect both farm animals and the public.

Choose Alternative Routes if Needed

If a field contains large numbers of animals or if livestock appear agitated, consider choosing a different path. This reduces the risk of stress for both the animals and your dog.

The Importance of Responsible Dog Ownership

The Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 highlights the importance of responsible dog ownership, particularly for those who enjoy countryside walks.

Most dog owners are responsible and would never intentionally allow their pets to harm livestock. However, even accidental incidents can have serious consequences under the new law.

By keeping dogs under control and respecting farmland, owners can help reduce livestock worrying and maintain positive relationships between walkers and farmers.

A Reminder for Pet Owners Visiting Rural Areas

With spring and summer bringing warmer weather, more people will be heading outdoors with their dogs. Rural walks can be a wonderful experience for both pets and owners, but they also come with responsibilities.

The Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 serves as a reminder that farm animals must be protected from unnecessary stress or harm.

Dog owners should always:

• Keep dogs under control near livestock
• Use leads where appropriate
• Follow countryside guidance
• Respect farmland and farmers

Final Thoughts

The Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 marks a major update to outdated livestock worrying laws in England and Wales. By introducing unlimited fines, stronger police powers and expanded protections for farm animals, the legislation aims to significantly reduce dog attacks on livestock.

With nearly £2 million worth of livestock lost to dog attacks in 2025 and the majority of sheep farmers reporting incidents, the need for stronger protection has become clear.

For dog owners, the message is simple: responsible behaviour in the countryside protects not only livestock but also pets and their owners from serious legal consequences.

By understanding the rules introduced under the Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025 and taking sensible precautions when walking near farm animals, everyone can help keep the countryside safe for both pets and livestock.

The post Dogs Protection of Livestock Act 2025: What Dog Owners Need to Know appeared first on Orchard House.

In this post, we’ll explore why throwing sticks for dogs is dangerous, what vets want you to know, and safe alternatives that will keep playtime just as exciting — without the risk.

Why Throwing Sticks Can Be Dangerous for Dogs

It might look harmless, but sticks can cause devastating injuries. When a dog chases a stick at high speed, the combination of sharp edges, unpredictable flight paths, and sheer momentum can spell disaster.

If a stick lands upright in the ground, it becomes a spear. Dogs running full tilt can impale their mouths, throats, or even their chests. Even if the stick doesn’t land point-first, splintered wood can cause deep puncture wounds, broken teeth, or infections that aren’t visible on the surface.

Veterinarians frequently warn owners that “stick injuries in dogs” are far more common than most people realize — and many could be avoided with a simple switch to safer toys.

Real-Life Cases: What Vets See Too Often

Across vet clinics worldwide, “stick injuries” have become a sadly routine emergency. Many cases start out as a fun game of fetch that ends in panic.

• A Labrador impales its throat on a splintered stick and needs surgery to remove fragments.

• A Collie develops a severe abscess after a small splinter lodges in the gum and goes unnoticed.

• A Spaniel runs into an upright stick, causing a puncture wound to the chest cavity.

Even when the initial wound looks minor, wood fragments can remain embedded and cause infections, internal bleeding, or nerve damage. Because wood doesn’t show up clearly on X-rays, diagnosis can be tricky, delaying treatment.

In short, one innocent throw can have life-changing consequences. Throwing a stick for a dog can lead to life changing situations.

The Main Risks of throwing sticks for dogs

Here are the most common dangers associated with stick play:

1. Splinters and Cuts – Broken sticks can pierce the mouth, gums, or tongue.

2. Impaling Injuries – A stick landing upright can cause deep puncture wounds to the throat or chest.

3. Infections – Wood carries bacteria and fungi from soil and water, leading to abscesses or sepsis.

4. Hidden Damage – Dogs hide pain well, so a small cut can mask serious internal injury.

Even if your dog seems fine after a play session, it’s worth checking their mouth and throat — and contacting your vet if you notice bleeding, coughing, or swelling.

Signs of a Stick Injury in Dogs

If your dog has recently played with sticks, watch for these warning signs:

• Bleeding from the mouth or throat

• Gagging, coughing, or difficulty swallowing

• Drooling or reluctance to eat

• Swelling around the jaw or neck

• Yelping during play or when touched

• Lethargy or sudden behavioural changes

If any of these appear, call your vet immediately. Early treatment can make the difference between a simple procedure and a life-threatening infection.

Safer Alternatives to Throwing Sticks

The good news? You can still enjoy fetch — safely. There are plenty of dog-friendly toys designed to replace sticks and reduce injury risks.

Here are some safe dog toy alternatives:

• Rubber fetch sticks – shaped like real sticks but soft, flexible, and durable.

• Tennis balls or rubber balls – always choose the right size to prevent choking.

• Frisbees or flying discs – excellent for high-energy dogs and easy on the mouth.

• Rope toys – great for tug and short-distance fetch games.

These alternatives are widely available at pet stores and online, and they’re made to be gentle on your dog’s mouth while providing the same fun and exercise as a stick.

What Vets and Animal Charities Recommend

Veterinary professionals and animal welfare organisations have been warning owners about the dangers of stick throwing for years. The British Veterinary Association (BVA), for example, has urged owners to use purpose-made dog toys instead of sticks, highlighting the growing number of emergency surgeries caused by wood splinters.

Their message is simple: play fetch, but play safely.

Changing Habits and Spreading Awareness

Many dog owners only learn about this issue after an accident, which is why spreading awareness is so important. Next time you’re at the park, and you see someone throwing a stick, kindly share what you’ve learned. A simple conversation — or a social media post — could prevent another dog from suffering.

If you run a dog group, blog, or rescue page, consider sharing vet-approved resources or posting about dog safety tips. The more people understand the risks, the safer our pets will be.

Final Thoughts: Play Smart, Play Safe

Throwing sticks for dogs may feel like part of a timeless tradition, but it’s one that comes with unnecessary danger. Sticks can splinter, puncture, and infect — and every year, countless dogs end up needing emergency treatment because of them.

By swapping sticks for safe, dog-friendly toys, you can protect your best friend while still giving them all the fun and exercise they crave.

So next time you’re out on a walk and reach for a stick, remember: one small choice can make a big difference. Your dog’s safety is worth it. 🐾

The post The Hidden Dangers of Throwing Sticks for Dogs: What Every Owner Should Know appeared first on Orchard House.

Parvovirus is one of the most feared illnesses among dog owners and veterinarians alike. This highly contagious and potentially fatal disease affects dogs of all ages but is especially dangerous for puppies and unvaccinated pets. Knowing how it spreads, recognizing the symptoms, and acting quickly if your dog becomes ill can make the difference between life and death.

In this blog, we’ll explore what parvovirus is, the symptoms to watch for, how it’s treated, and most importantly, how you can prevent your pet from contracting it.

What is Parvovirus?

Canine parvovirus (often shortened to “parvo”) is a viral illness that primarily attacks a dog’s gastrointestinal tract. Once infected, the virus multiplies rapidly, damaging the lining of the intestines and making it extremely difficult for the dog to absorb nutrients. This damage also leads to severe fluid loss and leaves the dog vulnerable to secondary infections.

The disease spreads very easily. Dogs can contract it through direct contact with an infected dog or indirectly from contaminated objects such as food bowls, shoes, or even the ground where the virus can survive for months. Because of its persistence in the environment, parvovirus outbreaks can be difficult to control.

Symptoms of Parvovirus

Recognizing the early signs is essential. The disease progresses quickly, and without prompt treatment, many dogs will not survive. Some of the most common symptoms include:

• Severe vomiting – Often frequent and difficult to control.

• Diarrhoea, often bloody – A key indicator of intestinal damage.

• Lethargy and weakness – Dogs may seem unusually tired or unresponsive.

• Loss of appetite – A sudden refusal to eat or drink.

• Rapid weight loss – Due to fluid loss and poor nutrient absorption.

• Dehydration – Sunken eyes, dry gums, and skin that doesn’t spring back when gently pulled.

If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog, seek veterinary attention immediately. Parvovirus can become life-threatening within 48–72 hours.

How is Parvovirus Diagnosed?

Veterinarians can usually diagnose it through a combination of clinical signs and rapid diagnostic tests that detect the virus in a dog’s stool. Blood tests may also be performed to check for low white blood cell counts, which are common in infected dogs. Quick and accurate diagnosis allows treatment to begin right away, improving the dog’s chances of survival.

Treatment for Parvovirus

Unfortunately, there is no direct cure for parvovirus. Treatment focuses on supporting the dog’s body while it fights the infection. This often involves:

• Hospitalization – Most dogs with parvovirus require intensive care in a veterinary hospital.

• Intravenous fluids – To combat dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

• Medications – Anti-nausea drugs, antibiotics to prevent secondary infections, and sometimes antiviral drugs.

• Nutritional support – Helping the dog maintain strength during recovery.

Even with aggressive treatment, this disease can be fatal. Survival rates vary depending on how quickly treatment begins, the dog’s age, and overall health. Puppies and unvaccinated dogs are at the highest risk.

Preventing Parvovirus

The good news is that parvovirus is largely preventable through vaccination. Puppies typically begin their vaccine series around six to eight weeks of age, with boosters every three to four weeks until they are at least 16 weeks old. Adult dogs should receive regular boosters as recommended by their veterinarian.

In addition to vaccination, practicing good hygiene helps reduce the risk of exposure. Wash your hands after handling other dogs, disinfect surfaces, and avoid taking puppies to high-traffic areas like dog parks until they are fully vaccinated.

🔹 Special Offer: Protect Your Dog Today

We understand how important your dog’s health is and want to make prevention as easy as possible.

✨ Vaccination restart for the price of a booster vaccination – October 2025 ✨

If your dog has fallen behind on vaccines, now is the perfect time to get back on track. This limited-time offer helps ensure your pet has the best protection against parvovirus and other preventable diseases. Contact our clinic today to schedule your appointment!

You do not need any special codes, we will automatically apply the discount to dogs with lapsed vaccinations. Offer only valid throughout October 2025.

Why Acting Now Matters

Parvovirus isn’t just a distant risk—it’s a very real concern in our community. Recently, there have been reported local cases, reminding us just how quickly and dangerously this disease can spread. Waiting to vaccinate puts your dog at unnecessary risk.

Prevention through vaccination is far less costly, stressful, and heart-breaking than attempting to treat an already infected dog. By vaccinating, you’re not only protecting your own pet but also helping to reduce the spread within the local dog population.

Final Thoughts

Parvovirus remains one of the most dangerous threats to canine health, but with proper awareness and prevention, it doesn’t have to be a death sentence. Understanding the symptoms, seeking immediate treatment when necessary, and keeping your dog’s vaccinations up to date are the best ways to protect your beloved companion.

Don’t wait until it’s too late—schedule your dog’s vaccination today and take advantage of our special offer. Together, we can keep parvovirus from harming more dogs in our community.

The post Parvovirus appeared first on Orchard House.

Meet Otis, an 18-month-old Labrador Retriever who found himself in a bit of a rough spot. Otis, like many Labradors, has a hearty appetite, but recently he was struggling to keep his food down. His breakfast would make an unwelcome return later in the morning. Concerned, his owners brought him to Orchard House Vets.

Tim, the vet, quickly suspected that Otis had ingested something he shouldn’t have. It’s not uncommon for puppies and younger dogs to swallow foreign objects like stones, socks, or even tennis balls. These objects can block the stomach or bowel, often requiring major surgery to remove.
Otis was scheduled for an abdominal ultrasound with our eagle-eyed specialist, Sophie Betts from Northeast Veterinary Imaging

The ultrasound revealed a 3cm round foreign body in Otis’s stomach. It was time to put the endoscope into action. Under anaesthetic, Sophie skilfully navigated the endoscope down Otis’s oesophagus and into his stomach, where a bright white, dimpled golf ball appeared on the screen. Removing a golf ball endoscopically is no easy feat. Their hard, smooth surface makes them difficult to grip.

However, Sophie’s expertise shone through as she looped a wire around the ball and gently pulled. After a few attempts, she successfully extracted the ball with a satisfying “pop.” The theatre staff erupted in applause, likening the moment to Rory McIlroy sinking a 25-yard putt.

Thanks to Sophie’s skill and our state-of-the-art equipment, Otis avoided risky and expensive surgery. Both Otis and his relieved owners could retire to the 19th hole later that afternoon. 🐾

🔍 What is an Endoscopy procedure in Veterinary Medicine? 🐾

An endoscopy procedure is a minimally invasive procedure that allows our vets to look inside your pet’s body using a small, flexible camera called an endoscope.

🐶🐱 Why might your pet need one?
Endoscopy helps us investigate issues like:

• Ongoing vomiting or diarrhoea

• Difficulty swallowing

• Unexplained weight loss

• Suspected foreign objects (like swallowed toys!)

The endoscopy procedure is performed under general anaesthetic, and the camera gives us a clear view of your pet’s internal organs—like the stomach, esophagus, intestines, or airways—without the need for surgery. In some cases, we can even take biopsies or remove small objects during the procedure.

✅ Safe, effective, and less stressful for your pet. Learn more.

If you have any concerns about your pet’s health or think they might need further investigation, feel free to contact us for advice.

The post Golf ball endoscopy procedure appeared first on Orchard House.

Border Collie statistics:

Males stand as tall as 55cm and weigh up to about 30kg. Females are usually smaller and lighter.

Weight Range:

Male: 13-20 kg.
Female: 13-19 kg.

Height at Withers:

Male: 55 cm | Female: 50 cm.

Features:

Upright ears (naturally)

Border Collies have a feathered tail that reaches to the hocks.

Expectations:

Energy Level: Very Energetic
Life Expectancy: 10–14 years.
Tendency to Drool: Low
Tendency to Bark: High
Tendency to Dig: Low
Social/Attention Needs: Moderate

Bred For:

Sheep herding

Coat:

Length: Medium
Characteristics: Double coat, straight
Colours: Black with or without white, red and white, solid colour, bi-colour, tri-colour, merle, sable
Overall Grooming Needs: Moderate

The post Border Collies appeared first on Orchard House.

What shouldn’t your puppy eat? See our A-Z of household hazards

Your home and garden are full of things that puppies like to chew, eat and drink. From alcohol to zinc batteries, we outline the dangerous temptations to look out for. Even toads make the list!

Alcohol. Alcoholic drinks are toxic to dogs and can lead to sickness, diarrhoea and even nervous system damage if consumed. Be careful of products that also contain alcohol such as mouthwashes or perfumes.

Bones. Dogs love bones, but chicken, lamb or pork bones are all common causes of obstruction in dogs. Cooked bones can also shatter and perforate a puppy’s stomach.

Chocolate. Chocolate should never be given to dogs and must be safely stored out of their reach. Dogs are very sensitive to the theobromine found in chocolate because they can’t break it down efficiently.

Dummies. Dogs love the spongy texture of a baby’s dummy or plastic toys when they chew them. They will often bite through it and swallow it, which can cause an obstruction in their throat or stomach.

E-cigarettes. The liquid inside an e-cigarette can often be very toxic to pets. Also be careful that your pup doesn’t chew an e-cigarette casing as it can shatter and they could swallow harmful fragments.

Fat balls. The high fat content in fat balls used for garden birds makes them very attractive to dogs. But if your pup eats a fat ball it could result in pancreatitis.

Grapes, currants, raisins and sultanas. Substituting high calorie treats and snacks with fruit and vegetables is fine, but never feed your puppy grapes. They contain an as yet unidentified toxin that can cause kidney failure. Raisins pose an even higher risk, so keep that fruit cake out of reach!

Herbicides. Plant killing chemicals should be used with caution around your pup. Most cases of poisoning happen when dogs lick, chew or brush up against recently treated plants in the garden.

Insecticides. As with herbicides, be very careful of using chemicals that kill insects in your garden, as they could be very poisonous to your pet too.

Jimson weed is just one of many plants and flowers found in gardens or wooded areas that can be poisonous to dogs. Tulips, daffodils, acorns and foxgloves are just some of the others.

Kitchen cleaners. A puppy can be attracted to the brightly coloured packaging of household cleaning products and play with or chew them. Many of these products contain caustic substances, detergents and bleaches that can be fatal if consumed.

Lactose. Some dogs are lactose-intolerant when they ingest cow or goat milk. Symptoms include diarrhoea, bloating and abdominal discomfort due to colic.

Mushrooms. There are lots of different types of fungi found in the UK and while some are edible, others can be poisonous to dogs and result in an upset stomach, vomiting or liver failure.

Non-prescription medications such as ibuprofen and paracetamol can cause severe tummy upsets if consumed by your pup. All human medicines should be kept away from pets as a general rule.

Onions and shallots. Onions and shallots should not be fed to dogs in any form (cooked, raw or as onion powder). They contain thiosulphate which haemolytic anaemia in dogs. Garlic and garlic powder also contain thiosulphate in lower levels.

Pet food. Puppies can be partial to cat food, primarily because of the high protein content, but it’s not good for them. They are a different species and a dog’s dietary needs are very different from a cat’s.

Queensland nuts, better known as Macadamia nuts, contain a toxin that can affect a pup’s nervous system and muscles.

Rodenticides. Poisons used to kill rats and mice are highly toxic to dogs.

Slug pellets. Slug bait is a very common cause of poisoning in puppies and can bring on all sorts of symptoms in relation to the nervous system such as seizures.

Toads give off a poison from glands on their skin that can be poisonous to pets if they put them in their mouth, bite or lick them.

Unbaked bread dough can be dangerous if eaten by a dog. When ingested, the dough expands and ferments in the stomach which can result in a bloating as well as poisoning from the fermentation process.

Vitamin D. High levels of vitamin D can cause serious health problems such as kidney failure in dogs. Vitamin D is often found in supplement tablets such as cod liver oil and other human medicines, so be sure to keep these away from curious paws.

Wires and cables. Dogs like the chewiness of electrical cables, but not only can they electrocute themselves by doing this, they can also burn their mouths. Be careful with household string too as it can get caught in a dog’s intestines if swallowed.

Xylitol. This is an artificial sweetener often found in sugar-free sweets, chewing gums and sugar replacements. If your pup digests one of these sweetened foods they can go into hypoglycaemia which is linked to liver failure and blood clotting.

Yew trees. Eating any part of a yew tree, particularly the foliage, can be harmful to dogs and cause dizziness, abdominal cramps and vomiting. In severe cases it can be fatal.

Zinc. Zinc can be toxic to dogs and poisoning tends to happen when they eat zinc-containing metal items such nails, zips, batteries or coins.
If you think your puppy has ingested something harmful then contact your vet as soon as possible.

The post Our A-Z puppy household hazard guide appeared first on Orchard House.

What is Osteoarthritis?

This is unfortunately a common problem for many dogs and cats.

The most common symptoms relating to Osteoarthritis is inflammation of joints, which causes pain, discomfort and stiffness.

Joints move freely and without friction because the surface of the bone is usually covered with a thin layer of smooth cartilage and lubricated with a small amount of fluid. Arthritis occurs when the joint is damaged or its naturally smooth surface changes, resulting in the rough bone rubbing together.

This very painful for your pet and it also further damages the cartilage and causes new bone to form around the joint, making it stiffer and limiting movement.

What causes arthritis in cats and dogs?

General wear and tear over years can cause arthritis in a cat or dogs later years, much like us humans. Age is definitely a common factor, but genetics is another factor here. Certain breeds are also more at risk, including Labradors, Springer Spaniels, German Shepherds and Rottweilers. Injuries often also lead to arthritis later in life.

If the bone or joint doesn’t develop properly then early symptoms of arthritis may occur, and this can happen from as early as a year old. You may be familiar with the conditions called ‘hip and elbow dysplasia’.

Symptoms of arthritis in cats and dogs

You may notice your pet slowing down and taking it easier when out on walks. You may also notice that they are reluctant to play, or going up and down the stairs become a bit of a struggle. As arthritis is a progressive joint disease, you will find that symptoms develop and worsen over time.

Cold weather can make the symptoms worse but it can also make those symptoms more obvious to us. If they appear stiff or slow or yelp out in pain during the winter months, this could be a sign of arthritis.

Other symptoms of arthritis in dogs include:

• Limping or lameness
• A stiff walk that is worse when first waking up
• Fatigue
• Licking or chewing joints
• Wary of joints being touched
• Groaning or caution when lying down or getting up
• Irritability

Early detection is key, so if you think your dog may be showing signs of arthritis, speak to your vet for a health check and for advice.

Diagnosis

History of the symptoms is important but not always conclusive. A physical examination will test for stiffness, pain and/or swelling in the joints. It can often be confirmed with just a physical examination, and at that point a treatment plan can be made.

An x-ray may be advised, especially in younger pets, as this can often establish an underlying cause.

Treatment

Unfortunately, there’s no cure for arthritis, but your pet’s quality of life can be improved by managing the pain and “dampening” the symptoms. Monoclonal anti-body injection, painkillers, anti-inflammatories or even alternative therapies such as hydrotherapy or acupuncture can help. These can help relieve stiffness and improve mobility to support the surrounding muscles.

Surgery (including joint replacement surgeries) can help but it’s unlikely to restore perfect joints for life, and again is more likely to be recommended in severe cases, and in younger pets.

Can I help my pets pain at home?

You can! Although pain management is the most effective way to help your pet, you can make a few changes yourself to help with the pain and to help manage your pets arthritis.

A high quality and balanced diet will help to maintain a healthy weight, and just as in humans, weight can be a factor too! Gentle exercise can reduce pressure on the joints too, so light activities are important. When your vet gives you the diagnosis, they will of course advise you on exercises and will likely advise you to keep an eye on your pet’s weight. Less exercise can lead to weight gain, which we don’t want!

A soft and comfortable bed in a warm, draft-free spot will support their aching joints while they’re asleep. You can purchase orthopaedic beds and they are a great option.

If you notice your pet struggling with things like staircases or getting in and out of the car, a ramp can eliminate the need for them to jump!

Book an appointment today

If you are worried that your dog may have arthritis, please book an appointment with one of our veterinary surgeons either online, or by giving us a call.

**Time limited offer**

Book an appointment before 31st October 2024 and if your pet is diagnosed or suspected to have arthritis, we will administer the first pain management dose completely free! Please note that only the pain management treatment is free, but the appointment is a payable appointment.

The post Arthritis in dogs and cats appeared first on Orchard House.

Top 10 dog walks in Northumberland

Our top 5 regular dog walks in Northumberland!

1 . Sycamore Gap

One of the best dog walks in Northumberland is also one of the most iconic landmarks in Northumberland. A walk from Steel Rigg along Hadrian’s Wall to the famous site of the tree at Sycamore Gap is well worth it. Although the tree was sadly felled in 2023 in a senseless act of vandalism, the walk remains a beautiful part of the county and hopefully in the near future we will see a return of the beautiful Sycamore gap tree. Circular routes are plentiful if (like us!) the full stretch of Steel Rigg to Housesteads is a bit daunting.

One way walks are possible too by using the AD122 Hadrian’s Wall bus which is dog friendly public transport in Northumberland. Bus times are seasonal and you should check timetables before heading out. Click here for the national trusts 5-mile map and plan one of the best dog walks in Northumberland.

• Nearest Orchard House Vets to Sycamore Gap: Orchard House Vets, Hexham – 01434 607677
• Recommended food: Twice Brewed Inn

2. Allen Banks

Allen banks and Staward Gorge are national trust sites within a wooded valley. Dramatic scenery, variations of tree’s and the River Allen provide a beautiful backdrop for all photos. Situated about a 15 minute drive outside of Hexham, this popular woodlands has been a favourite for dog walks in Northumberland for many years. There are different paths depending on the level of difficulty you would like to take on, and of course what your four-legged friend is able to take on too! Parking is free for National Trust members, and for non-members there is a small fee for half a day or a full day. The National trust have a great map which you can find by clicking here.

• Nearest Orchard House Vets to Allen Banks: Orchard House Vets, Hexham – 01434 607677
• Recommended food: The Bowes Hotel

3. Kielder Forest

Kielder forest is easily one of the best dog walks in Northumberland, and rightly so. The man-made dam and forest has been a dog walkers paradise for many years. It is the largest woodland forest in England and Kielder water is Britain’s largest man-made lake. There are many trails for dog walkers and many have interesting sculptures along the way. If forests and hills are not for you, don’t worry! You can walk the 26-mile lakeshore path which is largely flat. You can of course walk a distance and back, but if you want to conquer the whole lake then we would recommend an early start! You can find more information including walking routes by clicking here.

• Nearest Vets to Kielder Forest: Orchard House Vets, Bellingham – 01434 220330
• Recommended food: The Anglers Arms

4. Tyne Green Trail

Tyne Green is always a popular walk with dog walkers and it isn’t hard to see why. With the river Tyne flowing one side, and beautiful trees lining a path by the golf course on the other, dogs love to explore here. On Sunday’s you will notice the brilliant car boot sale in Hexham which is one of the largest in the North East. Many people have a wander around the market and then head over to the Tyne Green path. If you follow the whole path, you’ll end up near Warden and from here you can head to water’s meet. This is an area where the North and South Tyne meet with a great force of water.

• Nearest Orchard House Vets to Tyne Green: Orchard House Vets, Hexham – 01434 607677
• Recommended food: The Boatside Inn, Warden

5. Hareshaw Linn

Hareshaw Linn is located just outside of Bellingham. This lovely walk takes you about 3 miles through Woodlands that are adjacent to Hareshaw Burn. By following this burn you will end up at the dramatic and wonderful Hareshaw Linn. The word ‘Linn’ actually comes from the Scottish Gaelic word for ‘rushing water’, or waterfall as we know it today! The Linn is not the only attraction here. Rare ferns, mosses and lichen (over 300 variations) live here, as well as the elusive red squirrel. You can find more information and a walking map here.
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• Nearest Vets to Hareshaw Linn: Orchard House Vets, Bellingham – 01434 220330
• Recommended food: The Fountain Cafe

Other dog walks in Northumberland

6. Cragside

7. Northumberland Beaches

8. Tyne Riverside Park

9. Shilford Wood

10. The Sele Park

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What is the countryside code in England?

• You control your dog so that it doesn’t scare or disturb farm animals or wildlife
• When using the new access rights over open country and common land, you must keep your dog on a short lead between 1 March and 31 July – and all year round near farm animals. You may not be able to take your dog at all in some areas or at some times. Please follow any official signs
• In general you don’t have to put your dog on a lead on public paths, as long as they are under close control. Though please be aware of any local laws that may be in place.
• As a general rule, keep your dog on a lead if you cannot rely on their obedience. By law, farmers are entitled to destroy a dog that injures or worries their animals
• If a farm animal chases you and your dog, it is safer to let your dog off the lead – don’t risk getting hurt by trying to protect them. Please see our guides on keeping safe around horses and livestock
• Take particular care that your dog doesn’t scare sheep and lambs, or wander where it might disturb birds that nest on the ground and other wildlife
• Across the UK, 7 in 10 livestock attacks are caused by unaccompanied dogs, e.g. dogs that have escaped your garden. Make sure your garden is escape-proof
• Always pick up dog poo in the countryside and place the waste in a bin. Livestock can become ill from certain parasites or diseases caught from dog poo but they can also eat through poo bags and this can cause life threatening complications.

Please help farmers in your community by following the countryside code for dog owners.

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The town council will be funding stickers for businesses to use so they can display if they are dog friendly, which we think is a brilliant thing as we are often asked by referred clients where they can go get a cup of tea or products that will allow their dogs in with them. Although we are local, we don’t know every business that is dog friendly, so having the councils help will benefit our local businesses greatly!

As a business in Hexham, we try our best to support our local small businesses. If you are a business owner who is hosting an event aimed at, or that welcomes dogs, then please get in touch and we will do our best to promote your event!

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Dachshunds are a German origin breed of dog who were originally bred for hunting. Dachshunds literally translates as ‘badger dog’! The unique build of a Dachshund enables them to chase animals into burrows. They have a surprisingly loud bark and plenty of energy. We can safely say you won’t have a dull moment with a Dachshund around!

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The adder is a relatively small, stocky snake that prefers woodland, heathland and moorland habitats. It hunts lizards and small mammals, as well as ground-nesting birds. Adult adders are roughly 50-60cm long and have a black/brown zigzag pattern along their back and V or X shaped marking on the back of the head.

Adders are protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981; this means that it is an offence to kill, harm, injure, sell or trade them.

Kielder forest, the North Tyne and Slaley forest have a known number of adders, and they are of course popular dog walks in Northumberland and Tynedale. Adder bites in dogs happen more than you may think which can be surprising as many of us have never seen an adder before.

We stock anti-venom at our vets in Hexham, Stocksfield and Bellingham. However, if you are travelling away from the area please be aware that not all vets stock anti-venom, so if you are travelling to an area with forest and grassland that you know who your nearest stockist of anti-venom is.

If you are think that your dog may have been bitten by an adder, please contact us as soon as possible.

Is my dog likely to be bitten?

Whilst it is rare, we see around a dozen or so cases of adder bites in dogs cases every year. Snakes generally only bite in self-defence, so normally bites occur when a snake is stepped on or disturbed by your dog. Puppies and young dogs can be especially curious and can unintentionally provoke an adder into biting.

The majority of snake bites in Northumberland seem to occur between April and July, most commonly in the afternoon when the adders are most active. Bite cases are most commonly seen in woodland and grassland, but do be aware adders are known to be around the Northumberland coast too.

What are the symptoms of adder bites in dogs?

Adder bites can result in swelling around the wound, usually within a couple of hours, and this can be severe. You might be able to see the 2 puncture wounds in the centre of the swelling but this is not always possible.

Other than swelling your dog may show others signs of an adder bite, such as;

• Pain
• Bleeding
• Bruising
• Lameness and may appear nervous.

If you suspect your dog has been bitten by an adder it is very important that you remain calm and keep them as still and as calm as possible. Venom spreads quicker when a heart rate is increased, so stillness and being calm is very important. 

How serious is adder bites in dogs, and how long will my dog take to recover?

Adder venom when absorbed into the rest of the body can cause a widespread inflammatory reaction leading to symptoms such as fever, lethargy, drooling, increased heart and respiratory rates, vomiting and a wobbly gait. In severe cases animals may collapse, have blood clotting problems, organ failure, tremors or convulsions. Adder bites most commonly occur on a dog’s legs or face. If your dog is bitten on the face, it could lead to swelling of the face and muzzle and may result in breathing difficulties.

The severity of the clinical signs and the speed of recovery can vary and depends on:

• The speed of veterinary treatment (It is important to tell your vet the bite location if known, how long ago the bite happened, and any changes in your pet)
• The location of the bite
• The size of the patient (small patients can be more severely affected)
• The amount and potency of the venom
• The amount the patient moves after it’s been bitten
• Any pre-existing disease within the patient (this may make them more likely to develop severe clinical signs)

We have an emergency out of hours veterinary service and each of our practices stock anti-venom. Please call us immediately if you suspect your dog has been bitten by an adder. 

Are only dogs affected?

No! – Whilst adder bites in dogs is much more common, we do see the occasional cat who has wandered into the path of an adder. So whilst you cannot control where your cat wanders if they are an outdoor feline, but you can follow the same advice as above, and remember as a cat is smaller than most dogs that contacting your vet as soon as possible is very important.

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Where do you begin to describe a cocker spaniel? They are gun dogs “by trade” but Cocker Spaniels are also popular family pets. They’re known for being ‘happy’ dogs because their tails are always wagging!

A highly trainable, adaptable breed and whilst the countryside would be their preference, they are good town and city dogs too. As long as they have a safe and secure area to let off steam, they’ll be fine!

Welcoming a cocker spaniel into the family

Exercise

We would recommend 1-2 hours of exercise and stimulation every day for Cocker Spaniels. They will walk forever with you but little exercise can be a real problem for them!

Training

Cocker Spaniels are highly trainable and very intelligent. We would recommend a dog trainer to help you and we are blessed with many great dog trainers in Northumberland.

Grooming

As Cocker Spaniels have medium length hair, it is important to keep on top of grooming. Though not often talked about, lack of grooming can lead to discomfort and even health issues.

Insurance

Pet insurance is very important and should be a priority for all pet owners. To give an idea of costs, something awful like a leg break may require specialist veterinary referral work and this can cost £3,000+. Pet insurance gives you peace of mind should the worst happen. We have a handy guide to pet insurance which explains the difference in policies to aid you in your decision.

Breed-related health problems:

Owners are understandably upset when their dog develops a health problem linked to its breed. Often they wish they’d known what problems the breed was prone to have and how to keep those health conditions which could be avoided at bay. The potential health problems that Cocker Spaniels are prone to include:

• Hip dysplasia – where the hip joint doesn’t fit together perfectly, which will eventually lead to arthritis.
• Atopy – allergies causing itchy skin and ear infections.
• Ear problems.
• Eye problems.
• Some auto-immune conditions.
• Inherited conditions, including familial nephropathy, adult onset neuropathy and acral mutilation syndrome.

Health checks

It sounds a bit obvious to say, but yes, at least one health check each year is highly advisable. We recommend two health checks a year, 6 months apart. Many problems can be detected during a health check and early detection can be of vital importance to your pet. Our veterinary surgeons in Hexham, Stocksfield and Bellingham are here to help, but why not make two health checks a year part of your pet’s routine?

Our Well Pet Club is a veterinary health plan which spreads the cost of your pet’s preventative treatment, booster vaccination and allows you exclusive discounts on other services and treatment. Starting at just £9.00 a month you will receive reminders and keeping on top of your pet’s health has never been as easy!

Other Cocker Spaniel tips

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They do require plenty of exercise, and stimulation is important for gun dog breeds because in the fields they are used to retrieve, which involves a lot of running and sniffing! Even though your pet won’t be a “working dog”, the traits of the breed are present and lack of stimulation can lead to boredom and in term, destruction! Labradors are generally a health breed when diet and exercise are under control.

Labrador tips and information

Exercise

We would recommend two hours of exercise and stimulation every day for Labradors.

Training

Labradors are highly trainable and very intelligent. We would recommend a dog trainer to help you and we are blessed with many great dog trainers in Northumberland.

Insurance

Pet insurance is very important and should be a priority for all pet owners. To give an idea of costs, something awful like a leg break may require specialist veterinary referral work and this can cost £3,000+. Pet insurance gives you peace of mind should the worst happen.

We have a handy guide to pet insurance which explains the difference in policies to aid you in your decision.

Health checks

It sounds a bit obvious to say, but yes, at least one health check each year is highly advisable. We recommend two health checks a year, 6 months apart. Many problems can be detected during a health check and early detection can be of vital importance to your pet.

Our veterinary surgeons in Hexham, Stocksfield and Bellingham are here to help, but why not make two health checks a year part of your pet’s routine? Our Well Pet Club is a veterinary health plan which spreads the cost of your pet’s preventative treatment, booster vaccination and allows you exclusive discounts on other services and treatment. Starting at just £9.00 a month you will receive reminders and keeping on top of your pet’s health has never been as easy!

Breed-related health problems:

As with every dog breed, health issues do exist and early detection can be vital to recovery or treatment. Owners are understandably upset when their dog develops a health problem linked to its breed.

Often they wish they’d known what problems the breed was prone to have and how to keep those health conditions which could be avoided at bay. The potential health problems that Labrador Retrievers are prone to include:

• Hip dysplasia – hip joint laxity as a result of poor development, which will eventually lead to arthritis.
• Elbow dysplasia – elbow joint laxity as a result of poor development, which will eventually lead to arthritis.
• Prone to obesity
• Progressive retinal atrophy – gradual deterioration of the retina of the eye. Symptoms can start with night blindness and progress to total blindness.

Orchard House Vets and your Labrador

Whilst not all diseases and ailments can be avoided, there are plenty of ways to reduce the risk of certain problems. Here at Orchard House Vets our nursing team run daily weight clinics which are well received and in particular by Labrador owners! We are blessed to live in the Tynedale area with plenty of walking country such as Kielder Water, Hadrian’s Wall, Slaley Forest and so much more. Walking is 50% of the battle for a pet’s weight, the other of course, is food!

You can book nurse clinics by clicking here, or just give us a call at our Hexham, Stocksfield or Bellingham surgery.

Sold!

So, you are taking the decision to welcome a Labrador Retriever into your life? We are jealous! But now that you have done your “homework”, the next step is to know what will be coming up for you and your puppy. We look forward to seeing you at our Vets in Hexham, Stocksfield or Bellingham very soon, but in the meantime, why not download our Orchard House Vets puppy guide.

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January is walk your dog month and the idea is to raise awareness of why it is important to do so. Though most of us, if not just about all of us, know that a dog needs exercise, but a recent survey from the RSPCA revealed that only 62% of dogs in the UK are walked daily, and 22% of dogs are walked just once a week. Now, personal circumstances of course can influence stats like this, and it could be the survey was asked to an owner who has had a change of health circumstances. As part of our awareness month, we would like to highlight why dogs need exercise, the health benefits, the risks if they do not, and quite importantly we will discuss the health benefits for you, the owner!

When walking my dog in Tynedale, how much exercise should my dog get? 

This is quite a specific question and an answer depends on a number of things. How old are they? Are they healthy? What climate do they live in? There are plenty of books and articles online for specific breeds that will touch upon those questions. The PDSA have a great guide to breeds and have a general rule of thumb for specific breeds on their website. Click here to have a read of that. Tynedale is blessed with many walks, but these can often be on quite challenging terrain. Always do your research before setting out!

Why is exercise important for my dog?

Exercise not only keeps your pet healthy, it is also a mental stimulation for them. A dog will spend on average 21 – 23 hours a day in your house and garden, so when they do get to go outside the smells, sounds and sights help stimulate their senses. This is important because a bored dog can become destructive. Exercise also helps maintain a healthy heart, weight and joints. Much like us humans!

Why is walking my dog a health benefit to me?

Exercise has many well documented benefits to us humans. One of the more recently discussed benefits is mental health. Times are tough for everyone and mental health issues are at a record high. Having a dog not only provides company, but a reason to get up and get outside. Dogs are social animals for the best part, so they can also help us to make friends or to have contact with others. Of course not all dogs are social and can be a little nervous, so always take care and remember, you know your dog best!

Walks in my local area 

Wherever you are reading this from we are certain you will have a park or countryside within distance of a short walk or even a short drive. Dog friendly beaches are in abundance in the North East and here in Northumberland you can find many walks on Hadrians Wall, the Penine Way or in the Cheviot hills. In Hexham you will see plenty of dog walkers on Tyne Green, or over in Prudhoe you will see many dog walkers on the Tyne trail which connects Prudhoe to Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Give Google a search for ‘dog walks near me’, or head over to this website here which has a list of good dog walks up and down the country.

Safety information 

Of course among the good here, there are the obvious things to mention. Always take care when outdoors, nature can be unforgiven! We have veterinary practices in Hexham, Stocksfield and Bellingham. This covers a large area of the North, West, East, South and Central Northumberland. Kielder and other wooded areas in the North Tyne see a number of adder bites, so always take care and do a little research before setting off to a new area.

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Brucella canis has made the headlines in 2025 with more and more people adopting dogs from areas such as Romania. Brucella canis is a Gram-negative bacterium in the family Brucellaceae that causes brucellosis in dogs.

Key things to be aware of with Brucella Canis:

• The greatest risk of exposure is potential contact with Brucella canis contaminated materials, especially tissues and fluids associated with breeding and parturition
• Brucella canis is also shed in a dog’s bodily fluids, such as urine, blood, and saliva
• If positive, a dog is considered infected for life, even following antimicrobial treatment
• Human cases are rare, but there have been a few cases in the UK.
• Brucella Canis is dangerous to pregnant women.

The infection in dogs, can cause symptoms of reproductive failure, or discospondylitis, or be asymptomatic. Public Health England have been involved and have given advice to the veterinary profession to protect staff. They are advising the relevant charities to screen dogs prior to import, but this is not mandatory.

As a result of this, the majority of referral centres are now insisting on pre referral testing for any imported dog. The high risk areas are Romania, Russia and Afghanistan, but they are, at present, asking for testing on all ‘travelled’ dogs. We know that there are many imported dogs from Romania in the UK.

The test is a simple blood sample taken from the dog and submitted to the Animal and Plant Health Agency at Weighbridge. The turnaround time is 7-21 days. Please get in touch with us for costings. 

We wanted to advise you of this recent development, as it poses a potential problem for any ‘travelled’ dog requiring referral to a veterinary hospital, and could delay them being able to be treated. We advise any owner of a dog imported from the high risk countries to ‘proactively’ arrange for their dog to have the appropriate tests, or to ensure they have documentation proving the dog has been tested and was negative prior to importation.

We will keep you updated if things change.

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At Orchard House Vets, we’re proud to offer in-house progesterone testing, providing fast, accurate results to give your dog the best possible chance of a successful and healthy pregnancy. 💚

We have the latest in-house laboratory equipment and can run a multitude of different tests on blood and urine. Progesterone test for dogs is one of these – we see many owners and breeders (and even our own team) perform it and are experienced in interpreting the results to advise on the best time to breed your bitch. Progesterone tests are simple and inexpensive.

What is it?

Progesterone is a hormone that rises in a female dog during her heat cycle. By measuring her progesterone levels through a simple blood test, we can accurately track ovulation timing. It will also give you a more accurate assessment of when your dog is likely to whelp than mating date because we have a good idea of when ovulation has occurred.

Once you have mated your bitch, you may want to take advantage of our pregnancy ultrasound scanning service to confirm that the mating is successful and other useful information.

When is the ideal time to mate?

The ideal time to mate is 48hrs after ovulation after progesterone levels rise to around 20 mmol/L which we can accurately measure to the same standard as an external veterinary laboratory. The test involves taking a small blood sample and we recommend starting this on around day 7 after the start of the season (vulval swelling and bleeding). We can obtain the results within 30 minutes and they will indicate what steps are required over the next 2-4 days depending on the result (when to retest or when to mate).

We appreciate that is quite a bit of information to take in, so we would recommend booking an appointment with a veterinary nurse to discuss what you need to do and when, and our team will happily make a plan for you to follow.

🩺 What’s Involved?

We will need to book you an appointment with one of our veterinary team.

The process is simple and stress-free:

1. We take a small blood sample from your dog

2. Our in-house lab analyses progesterone levels

3. Results are returned quickly

4. We guide you on the best timing for mating or AI based on the result

A staff pet who used a test

🗓️ Why is Progesterone Testing Important?

Timing mating or artificial insemination too early or too late can result in unsuccessful breeding. Progesterone testing helps to:

✅ Pinpoint the most fertile days
✅ Improve chances of pregnancy
✅ Support planned Caesarean sections with accurate due dates
✅ Reduce the need for multiple, unnecessary matings

It’s especially helpful for:

• First-time breeders

• Stud dogs with limited availability

• Artificial insemination (AI) cases

• Breeds known for smaller litter sizes or fertility issue

📍 Why Choose Orchard House Vets?

We offer:
🧪 In-house testing
🐾 Trusted, experienced veterinary team
📅 Easy scheduling and expert advice
🏥 Support throughout the breeding journey

Whether you’re a seasoned breeder or just starting out, our team is here to support you and your dog every step of the way.

📞 Ready to Book a Progesterone Test?

Booking an appointment couldn’t be more simple, whether you would like to book an appointment for the test, or simply to speak one of our team.

Call your nearest Orchard House Vets practice today to book an appointment or to speak to a member of our team. We’re happy to help!

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Research into life a dogs life expectancy has been done around the UK and researchers hope findings in a massive study on dog life expectancy could be central to helping vets steer owners away from brachycephalic breeds.

What is a brachycephalic breed and why is research showing such a low life expectancy? 

Click here for an article regarding brachycephalic breeds and why vets see many health problems in the breeds.

How do brachycephalic breeds life expectancies compare with other breeds?

French bulldogs having the shortest life expectancy at 4.5 years and Jack Russell terriers the highest at 12.7 years. The average age life expectancy for UK dogs was calculated at 11.2 years. After French bulldogs, three other brachy breeds had the lowest life expectancy – English bulldogs at 7.4 years, pugs at 7.7 years and American bulldogs at 7.8 years.

But at the other end of the scale, after Jack Russell terriers, border collies would be expected to make 12.1 years and springer spaniels 11.92 years. Read the full article here.

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The suggestion of a dog being clinically depressed is likely dismissed by many, after all, dogs are the wagging tail and friendly face we all love to see?

But give it a second thought … Is the idea really that unexpected? We share so much in common with our social canine counterparts, why wouldn’t they also suffer from some of the same mental issues which we are so easily challenged by?

What are the signs of dog depression?

Well unfortunately they can be rather vague and many of the clinical signs are also seen with plenty of other fairly common diseases. So just because your pet may be doing one or more of the things below doesn’t instantly mean you have a depressed animal. Speak to your vet and see what steps you could take to narrow down what may be the problem. This could include ruling out depression.

• Behaviour change – no longer interested in previous enjoyable activities – playing, exercise. May start to have urine/faecal accidents in the house.
• Appetite change – picky eating/loss of appetite
• Sleeping more than previously
• Over-grooming/licking
• Hiding – no longer interacting with owner/other animals in the household

What causes dog depression?

Many factors play a role in a dog’s mental well being, including changes to their environment, social interactions and routine.

• Environmental changes – most dogs are at their most confident in their own environment. Changes to this including moving house, building work etc can make your dog less certain of their environment. This can cause them to feel anxious and uncertain.
• Social changes – dogs are pack animals, so changes to their social group (human/animal pack) can affect them significantly. This can include a bereavement, divorce/separation, or children leaving home. Changes in work hours meaning your dog spends less time with you than usual can also affect them significantly.
• Boredom – Some dogs, particularly working breeds, need mental stimulation/physical exercise.
• Physical illness – importantly, certain conditions, particularly those that cause your dog to feel painful or nauseous can have an effect on their mental wellbeing. This can result in signs of depression.

What other things can make my dog look sad?

It is important to note that many other conditions can cause your dog to look sad. Don’t assume they are just depressed! Multiple medical conditions can cause your dog to have appetite/behaviour changes. These include:

Pain

Often animals who are in pain will choose to reduce their level of exercise to reduce discomfort. This is often seen in pets with arthritis, but any cause of pain can result in behaviour changes in your dog.

Hypothyroidism

A hormonal condition where the thyroid glands produce less thyroid hormones which are important in controlling your dog’s metabolism. This is more common in certain breeds (Golden retriever, Cocker spaniel, Irish setter amongst others) but any breed can be affected. Affected dogs tend to become more sluggish/lethargic, gain weight (often despite a reduced appetite) and often have thinning of the coat on their flanks.

Other hormonal conditions including Addisons, diabetes and multiple other hormonal conditions can also be seen in dogs. Often they initially present with vague clinical signs that can include appetite changes and loss of energy. Importantly, these two can both be potentially life threatening if untreated.

Infections

Just like us, if your dog has a fever due to infection, this will often cause them to be less active and have a reduced appetite.

Obesity

Weight gain has a number of negative effects on your dog’s health and wellbeing. For some animals, carrying the extra weight makes it harder for them to exercise. This means that they are less keen to go for walks/play.

Kidney/liver disease

Both the liver and kidneys play an important role in removing toxic substances from your dog’s blood stream. Disease of the liver or kidneys can result in these toxins accumulating. This causes what can initially be quite vague signs of listlessness and reduced appetite.

Anaemia

Insufficient red blood cells or haemoglobin in your dog’s blood means that they are less able to provide as much oxygen to tissues and organs around the body. There are multiple causes of anaemia. Often mild anaemia may not cause any obvious clinical signs. However, as anaemia progresses, you may note that your dog is quieter/more lethargic amongst other signs.

Heart disease

In the early stages of heart disease, your dog’s body is often able to make adjustments to compensate, meaning that minimal clinical signs are seen. However, as heart disease progresses into heart failure, the body’s ability to compensate is overwhelmed and you will start to see clinical signs. These can often be vague – reluctance to play/exercise, sleeping more, reduced appetite. Other signs may be seen which are not associated with depression – coughing, increased breathing rate, swollen belly.

What can I do?

If your dog is low in energy and not quite themselves, get your dog checked out by a vet for underlying medical conditions that could be causing their behaviour change.

Thankfully, most dogs are resilient and will bounce back from depression with a little extra fuss. Once you have ruled out a health condition, try to consider what may have brought on this episode of depression and whether a solution can be found for this (for example, would taking your dog to doggy day care be appropriate if you have had to increase your hours in work?). Try to engage your dog in activities he previously enjoyed – exercise, treats, games. Try and create a regular routine as this can increase your dog’s sense of confidence.

It is natural to want to make a fuss of your dog when he appears depressed, but remember, too much attention can reinforce this behaviour. Try not to treat your dog when they are showing their sad behaviour, but instead reinforce any sign of happiness – a tail wag, running to the door for a walk.

If none of this is successful, referral to a dog behaviourist may be recommended. After all, a happy dog is a happy owner and vice versa.

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